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Civics
24-
Lecture1.1
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Lecture1.2
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Lecture1.3
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Lecture1.4
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Lecture1.5
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Lecture1.6
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Lecture1.7
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Lecture1.8
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Lecture1.9
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Lecture1.10
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Lecture1.11
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Lecture1.12
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Lecture1.13
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Lecture1.14
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Lecture1.15
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Lecture1.16
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Lecture1.17
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Lecture1.18
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Lecture1.19
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Lecture1.20
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Lecture1.21
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Lecture1.22
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Lecture1.23
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Lecture1.24
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Economics
37-
Lecture2.1
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Lecture2.2
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Lecture2.3
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Lecture2.4
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Lecture2.5
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Lecture2.6
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Lecture2.7
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Lecture2.8
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Lecture2.9
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Lecture2.10
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Lecture2.11
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Lecture2.12
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Lecture2.13
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Lecture2.14
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Lecture2.15
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Lecture2.16
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Lecture2.17
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Lecture2.18
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Lecture2.19
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Lecture2.20
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Lecture2.21
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Lecture2.22
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Lecture2.23
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Lecture2.24
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Lecture2.25
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Lecture2.26
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Lecture2.27
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Lecture2.28
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Lecture2.29
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Lecture2.30
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Lecture2.31
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Lecture2.32
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Lecture2.33
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Lecture2.34
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Lecture2.35
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Lecture2.36
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Lecture2.37
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Geography
28-
Lecture3.1
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Lecture3.2
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Lecture3.3
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Lecture3.4
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Lecture3.5
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Lecture3.6
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Lecture3.7
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Lecture3.8
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Lecture3.9
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Lecture3.10
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Lecture3.11
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Lecture3.12
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Lecture3.13
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Lecture3.14
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Lecture3.15
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Lecture3.16
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Lecture3.17
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Lecture3.18
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Lecture3.19
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Lecture3.20
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Lecture3.21
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Lecture3.22
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Lecture3.23
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Lecture3.24
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Lecture3.25
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Lecture3.26
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Lecture3.27
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Lecture3.28
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History
28-
Lecture4.1
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Lecture4.2
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Lecture4.3
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Lecture4.4
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Lecture4.5
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Lecture4.6
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Lecture4.7
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Lecture4.8
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Lecture4.9
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Lecture4.10
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Lecture4.11
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Lecture4.12
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Lecture4.13
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Lecture4.14
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Lecture4.15
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Lecture4.16
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Lecture4.17
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Lecture4.18
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Lecture4.19
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Lecture4.20
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Lecture4.21
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Lecture4.22
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Lecture4.23
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Lecture4.24
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Lecture4.25
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Lecture4.26
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Lecture4.27
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Lecture4.28
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Chapter Notes – Challenges to Democracy
Broad challenges to democracy
Foundational challenges
• Some countries had to face the challenge of transition to the democratic style of government.
• Countries which are already democratic face the challenge of expanding it to all social groups and regions.
Deepening of democracy
• It means strengthening those institutions that have people’s participation and control.
Devising ways and means for political reforms in India.
Reforms
• One way is legal reform, making new laws to ban undesirable things.=
Legal changes
• Legal changes sometimes have a counter-productive result.
Democratic reforms
• Democratic reforms are spread or brought about through political practice.
Political funding
Challenge
• Most of the political parties are dependent on money given by big business houses.
• The worry is that the role of money in politics will reduce whatever little voice the poor have in our democracy.
Reform proposals
• The financial accounts of every political party should be made public.
• There should be state funding of elections. Parties should be given some money by the government to meet their election expenditure.
• Citizens should be encouraged to give more donations to parties and to political workers.