-
Civics
24-
Power Sharing 41 minLecture1.1
-
Chapter Notes – Power SharingLecture1.2
-
NCERT Solutions – Power SharingLecture1.3
-
Federalism 01 hourLecture1.4
-
Chapter Notes – FederalismLecture1.5
-
NCERT Solutions – FederalismLecture1.6
-
Gender Caste 01 hour 04 minLecture1.7
-
Chapter Notes – Gender CasteLecture1.8
-
NCERT Solutions – Gender CasteLecture1.9
-
Popular Struggles 01 hour 18 minLecture1.10
-
Chapter Notes – Popular StrugglesLecture1.11
-
NCERT Solutions – Popular StrugglesLecture1.12
-
Political Parties 55 minLecture1.13
-
Chapter Notes – Political PartiesLecture1.14
-
NCERT Solutions – Political PartiesLecture1.15
-
Democracy and Diversity 49 minLecture1.16
-
Chapter Notes – Democracy and DiversityLecture1.17
-
NCERT Solutions – Democracy and DiversityLecture1.18
-
Outcome of Democracy 41 minLecture1.19
-
Chapter Notes – Outcome of DemocracyLecture1.20
-
NCERT Solutions – Outcome of DemocracyLecture1.21
-
Challenges to Democracy 53 minLecture1.22
-
Chapter Notes – Challenges to DemocracyLecture1.23
-
NCERT Solutions – Challenges to DemocracyLecture1.24
-
-
Economics
37-
Development 1 – Introduction 57 minLecture2.1
-
Development 2 – Levels of Devplopment-Individual 23 minLecture2.2
-
Development 3 – Levels of Development-National 32 minLecture2.3
-
Development 4 – Development in Country, Type of Resources 10 minLecture2.4
-
Development 5 – Levels of Devplopment-Individual_English 23 minLecture2.5
-
Development 6 – Levels of Devplopment-National_English 32 minLecture2.6
-
Development 7 – Development in Country, Type of Resources_English 10 minLecture2.7
-
Chapter Notes – DevelopmentLecture2.8
-
NCERT Solutions – DevelopmentLecture2.9
-
Money and Credit 1 38 minLecture2.10
-
Money and Credit 2 23 minLecture2.11
-
Money and Credit 3 23 minLecture2.12
-
Chapter Notes – Money and CreditLecture2.13
-
NCERT Solutions – Money and CreditLecture2.14
-
Sectors of Indian Economy 1- Introduction 44 minLecture2.15
-
Sectors of Indian Economy 2 – Some Important Terms, Activity in Primary and Secondary Sector, Teritary Sector 01 hour 06 minLecture2.16
-
Sectors of Indian Economy 3 – Devision of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised 21 minLecture2.17
-
Sectors of Indian Economy 4 – Some Important Terms, Activity in Primary and Secondary Sector, Teritary Sector_English 01 hour 06 minLecture2.18
-
Sectors of Indian Economy 5 – Devision of Sectors as Organised and Unorganised_English 21 minLecture2.19
-
Chapter Notes – Sectors of Indian EconomyLecture2.20
-
NCERT Solutions – Sectors of Indian EconomyLecture2.21
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 1- Globalization of the Indian Economy 01 hour 39 minLecture2.22
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 2- Economics Polices, Captalist Economy, Socialist Economy 34 minLecture2.23
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 3- Production Activity, Interlinking Production Across Countries 23 minLecture2.24
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 4 – Forien Trade and Integration of Market, 20 minLecture2.25
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 5 – Factors That Have Enabled Globalisation, Steps to Attract Foreign Investment 24 minLecture2.26
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 6 – Economics Polices, Captalist Economy, Socialist Economy_English 34 minLecture2.27
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 7 – Production Activity, Interlinking Production Across Countries_English 23 minLecture2.28
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 8 – Forien Trade and Integration of Market_English 20 minLecture2.29
-
Globalization of the Indian Economy 9 – Factors That Have Enabled Globalisation, Steps to Attract Foreign Investment_English 25 minLecture2.30
-
Chapter Notes – Globalization of the Indian EconomyLecture2.31
-
NCERT Solutions – Globalization of the Indian EconomyLecture2.32
-
Consumer Rights 1 – Introduction 45 minLecture2.33
-
Consumer Rights 2 – Goods and Services, Unfair Trade Practices 31 minLecture2.34
-
Consumer Rights 3 – Different Types of Rights 42 minLecture2.35
-
Chapter Notes – Consumer RightsLecture2.36
-
NCERT Solutions – Consumer RightsLecture2.37
-
-
Geography
28-
Resources and Development 1 53 minLecture3.1
-
Resources and Development 2 44 minLecture3.2
-
Chapter Notes – Resources and DevelopmentLecture3.3
-
NCERT Solutions – Resources and DevelopmentLecture3.4
-
Forest and Wildlife 48 minLecture3.5
-
Chapter Notes – Forest and WildlifeLecture3.6
-
NCERT Solutions – Forest and WildlifeLecture3.7
-
Water Resources 1 12 minLecture3.8
-
Water Resources 2 49 minLecture3.9
-
Chapter Notes – Water ResourcesLecture3.10
-
Agriculture 1 01 hour 06 minLecture3.11
-
Agriculture 2 10 minLecture3.12
-
Chapter Notes – AgricultureLecture3.13
-
Minerals and Energy Resources 1 45 minLecture3.14
-
Minerals and Energy Resources 2 58 minLecture3.15
-
Minerals and Energy Resources 3 49 minLecture3.16
-
Minerals and Energy Resources 4 38 minLecture3.17
-
Chapter Notes – Minerals and Energy ResourcesLecture3.18
-
Lifeline of National Economy 1 37 minLecture3.19
-
Lifeline of National Economy 2 26 minLecture3.20
-
Lifeline of National Economy 3 40 minLecture3.21
-
Lifeline of National Economy 4 29 minLecture3.22
-
Lifeline of National Economy 5 33 minLecture3.23
-
Chapter Notes – Lifeline of National EconomyLecture3.24
-
NCERT Solutions – Lifeline of National EconomyLecture3.25
-
Manufacturing Industries 02 hourLecture3.26
-
Chapter Notes – Manufacturing IndustriesLecture3.27
-
NCERT Solutions – Manufacturing IndustriesLecture3.28
-
-
History
28-
The Age of Industrialization 01 hourLecture4.1
-
Chapter Notes – The Age of IndustrializationLecture4.2
-
NCERT Solutions – The Age of IndustrializationLecture4.3
-
Rise of Nationalism in Europe 01 hourLecture4.4
-
Chapter Notes – Rise of Nationalism in EuropeLecture4.5
-
NCERT Solutions – Rise of Nationalism in EuropeLecture4.6
-
The Making of a Global World 01 hourLecture4.7
-
Chapter Notes – The Making of a Global WorldLecture4.8
-
NCERT Solutions – The Making of a Global WorldLecture4.9
-
Globalization – Part 1 01 hourLecture4.10
-
Globalization – Part 2 42 minLecture4.11
-
Work Life Leisure 01 hourLecture4.12
-
The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 1 35 minLecture4.13
-
The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 2 01 hourLecture4.14
-
The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China 3 59 minLecture4.15
-
Nationalist Movement in India 1 23 minLecture4.16
-
Nationalist Movement in India 2 51 minLecture4.17
-
Nationalist Movement in India 3 01 hourLecture4.18
-
Nationalist Movement in India 4 20 minLecture4.19
-
Chapter Notes – Nationalism in IndiaLecture4.20
-
NCERT Solutions – Nationalism in IndiaLecture4.21
-
Novels Society and History 1 55 minLecture4.22
-
Novels Society and History 2 32 minLecture4.23
-
Novels Society and History 3 50 minLecture4.24
-
Print Culture and Modern World 1 01 hourLecture4.25
-
Print Culture and Modern World 2 47 minLecture4.26
-
Chapter Notes – Print Culture and Modern WorldLecture4.27
-
NCERT Solutions – Print Culture and Modern WorldLecture4.28
-
Chapter Notes – Forest and Wildlife
Topics in the Chapter
• Introduction
• Flora and Fauna in India
• Classification of Species
• Causes of depletion of the flora and fauna
• Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
• Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
Introduction
• Our earth is home for millions of living beings, starting from micro-organisms and bacteria, lichens to banyan trees, elephants and blue whales.
• Our earth is home for millions of living beings, starting from micro-organisms and bacteria, lichens to banyan trees, elephants and blue whales.
Flora and Fauna in India
• India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity, and has nearly 8 per cent of the total number of species in the world (estimated to be 1.6 million).
• At least 10 percent of India’s recorded wild flora and 20 per cent of its mammals are on the threatened list.
→ Many are categorised as ‘critical’, that is on the verge of extinction like the cheetah, pink-headed duck etc.
Classification of Species
• The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has classified plants and animals in order of existence:
→ Normal Species: Species whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.
→ Endangered Species: These are species which are in danger of extinction. For example, black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass etc.
→ Vulnerable Species: These are species whose population has declined to levels from where it is likely to move into the endangered category in the near future if the negative factors continue to operate. For examples, blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.
→ Rare Species: Species with small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category if the negative factors affecting them continue to operate. For example, Himalayan brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox and hornbill, etc.
→ Endemic Species: These are species which are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers. For example, Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, mithun in Arunchal Pradesh.
→ Extinct Species: These are species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur. For example, Asiatic cheetah, pink head duck etc.
Causes of depletion of the flora and fauna
Causes of depletion of the flora and fauna
• Human beings transformed nature into a resource obtaining directly and indirectly from the forests and wildlife such as wood, barks, leaves, rubber, medicines, dyes, food, fuel, fodder, manure, etc. which depleted our forests and wildlife.
• The various factors that cause depletion of the flora and fauna are:
→ Large-scale development projects
→ Shifting cultivation
→ Mining
→ Grazing and fuel-wood collection
→ Over-population
• Factors responsible for decline in India’s biodiversity:
→ Habitat destruction
→ Hunting
→ Poaching
→ Over-exploitation
→ Environmental pollution
→ Poisoning
→ Forest fires
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
• Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems – water, air and soil.
• Due to conservationist’s demand, The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting habitats.
→ The aim of the programme was protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife.
→ The central and many state governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
→ The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros and others.
• Project Tiger was also launched by the Government of India in the year 1973 to save the endangered species of tiger in the country.
• Under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
• In 1991, for the first time plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
• In India, much of its forest and wildlife resources are either owned or managed by the government
through the Forest Department or other government departments.
• The various factors that cause depletion of the flora and fauna are:
→ Large-scale development projects
→ Shifting cultivation
→ Mining
→ Grazing and fuel-wood collection
→ Over-population
• Factors responsible for decline in India’s biodiversity:
→ Habitat destruction
→ Hunting
→ Poaching
→ Over-exploitation
→ Environmental pollution
→ Poisoning
→ Forest fires
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India
• Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems – water, air and soil.
• Due to conservationist’s demand, The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting habitats.
→ The aim of the programme was protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife.
→ The central and many state governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
→ The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened, including the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros and others.
• Project Tiger was also launched by the Government of India in the year 1973 to save the endangered species of tiger in the country.
• Under Wildlife Act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles, and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
• In 1991, for the first time plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
• In India, much of its forest and wildlife resources are either owned or managed by the government
through the Forest Department or other government departments.
• The forests are classified under the following categories:
→ Reserved Forests: These forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned. It covers half of the total forest land.
→ Protected Forests: This forest land are protected from any further depletion. Almost one-third of the total forest area is protected forest.
→ Unclassed Forests: These are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.
Community and Conservation
• The forests are also home to some of the traditional communities.
→ Local communities are struggling to conserve these habitats along with government officials,
to secure their long-term livelihood.
• In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
• The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has successfully resisted deforestation in several areas
→ Also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.
• Farmers and citizen’s groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown
that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals are possible and economically viable.
• Joint forest management (JFM) programme introduced in 1988 in the state of Odisha shown good example for involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.