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Cubes and Cube Roots
6-
Lecture1.1
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Lecture1.2
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Lecture1.3
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Lecture1.4
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Lecture1.5
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Lecture1.6
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Exponents and Powers
10-
Lecture2.1
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Lecture2.2
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Lecture2.3
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Lecture2.4
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Lecture2.5
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Lecture2.6
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Lecture2.7
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Lecture2.8
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Lecture2.9
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Lecture2.10
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Linear Equations in One Variable
5-
Lecture3.1
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Lecture3.2
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Lecture3.3
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Lecture3.4
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Lecture3.5
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Rational Numbers
6-
Lecture4.1
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Lecture4.2
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Lecture4.3
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Lecture4.4
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Lecture4.5
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Lecture4.6
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Direct and Inverse Proportions
4-
Lecture5.1
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Lecture5.2
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Lecture5.3
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Lecture5.4
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Square and Square Roots
5-
Lecture6.1
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Lecture6.2
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Lecture6.3
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Lecture6.4
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Lecture6.5
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Chapter Notes – Direct and Inverse Proportions
1. Direct Proportion:
For any ratio x/y, if on changing the values of x & y, the ratio x/y does not change. Then, we say that x and y are in direct proportion.
In other words, one quantity is a constant multiple of the other quantity i.e. if x = ky where k is a constant. Then, we say that x and y are in direct proportion.
Example: Consider the per hour wages paid a company to its employees.
No. of working hours | Paid Wages (in Rs.) |
1 | 100 |
2 | 200 |
3 | 300 |
4 | 400 |
5 | 500 |
6 | 600 |
7 | 700 |
8 | 800 |
Here, if we consider x as no. of working hours and y as paid wages, then we can find the direct proportion between the two quantities. Moreover, the answer of ratio remains same for each case.
If we consider x = 1 and y =100, we get x/y = 1/100.
Now, we consider x = 7 and y = 700, we get x/y = 7/700 = 1/100.
Thus, in any case ratio x/y will remain constant.
2. Inverse Proportion:
For any ratio x/y, if on increasing x by certain amount the quantity y decreases by the same amount. Then, we say that x and y are in inverse proportion.
In other words, if the product of two quantities is constant i.e xy = k where k is constant. Then, we say that x and y are in inverse proportion.
Example: Consider the speed and time relationship for five trains to travel same distance.
Train No. | Speed (in kmph) | Time Taken (in Hrs) |
1 | 25 | 5 |
2 | 50 | 2.5 |
3 | 75 | 1.67 |
4 | 100 | 1.25 |
5 | 125 | 1 |
Here, we can see that as the speed increases the time taken to travel decreases.
Let us consider x as speed and y as time taken.
For train 1, x = 25 and y = 5. So, xy = 125.
For train 4, x = 100 and y = 1.25. So, xy = 125.
Thus, in any case product xy will remain constant.